Background : Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a condition, which is an important psychosocial problem. The hormonal variations causing AGA are known, but whether behavioral patterns and lifestyle influence the condition and which age groups they influence is uncertain and such factors have not been studied in detail. Objectives: To compare association of lifestyle patterns with androgenetic alopecia, prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and resulting quality-of-life (QoL) between two age groups of males with AGA. Materials and Methods: Male subjects in each of the two age groups attending the hair clinic diagnosed with AGA were administered a questionnaire on lifestyle patterns. HAIRDEX and symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) to study the presence of psychosocial problems and QoL were used. The stress experienced by such patients was studied by a stressful life events scale. Results: Of the 37 patients studied, 23 were in younger age group (average age) and 14 were in the older age group (average age). No significant difference was found in lifestyle, as far as eating habits, physical activity, occupational activity and leisure time were concerned. However, the younger age group had a significantly better psychological health. (P=0.013). On assessing the QoL, self-assurance seemed better in younger age group (P=0.014), reflecting changing societal trends, causing better acceptance of hair loss. On the other subscales, emotions seemed to be more affected in the younger age group, while older patients had worse functioning, more symptoms and more sense of stigmatization. On assessing SCL-90, no significant psychopathological difference was found between both the groups; however the older patients appeared to have more psychological symptoms on almost all scales scoring highly on obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity and depression subscales. No significant difference in stressful life events at the time of onset of alopecia was noticed although older patients scored higher on this scale. Family history was found to be significantly associated with the onset of alopecia (P=0.0448). Conclusions: We concluded that lifestyle factors and stressful life events are not significantly affected by the onset of AGA. Only heredity seems to be associated with hair loss. Quality-of-life is affected in both the age groups but younger patients seem to have better self-assurance as well as better psychological health.

Objectives: To evaluate topical bimatoprost for eyelash growth in patients with alopecia areata (AA). Design: A 1-year retrospective study, bilateral eyelash alopecia. Materials and Methods: Forty-one subjects with AA universalis without ocular disease applied 0.03% bimatoprost to the eyelid margin once a day over the course of 1 year. Results: Thirty-seven subjects completed the study, one patient was eliminated due to conjunctivitis at the beginning of treatment, two patients developed conjunctivitis after 6 months of treatment, and a fourth did not follow directions. Researchers evaluated patients' eyelash growth every 4 months. We observed complete growth in 24.32%, moderate growth in 18.91%, slight growth in 27.02% and without response in 29.72%. Conclusion: Bimatoprost may be effective and safe in the treatment of eyelash AA. 43.24% of the patients had an acceptable cosmetic response (total and moderate growth). Limitations: Design without control.

Aims: To investigate the location of keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) in developing hair fiber cuticle cells using transmission electron microscopy with immunogold techniques and specific antibodies. Other studies were aimed at detecting the presence of cornified envelope proteins including involucrin and loricrin. Mateials and Methods: Polyclonal antibodies were produced in rabbits against peptides from KAPS 5.1, KAPS 10.1 ultra high-sulfur proteins. Results: The KAP proteins were found to form part of the developing exocuticle and a- layer. Cornified envelope proteins (involucrin and loricrin) were absent consistent with recent findings. Conclusions: The results have been discussed in terms of a revised model for fiber cuticle surface barriers including their role in fiber cuticle surface function.

Loose anagen syndrome (LAS) is a benign, self-limiting condition where anagen hairs are easily and painlessly extracted. It is mainly reported in childhood; however, it may variably present in adulthood as well. The presence of anagen hair devoid of its sheath and with 'floppy sock appearance' is a characteristic feature of loose anagen hair (LAH) on trichogram. LAH can be seen in normal population and in alopecia areata. The percentage of LAH in LAS is more than 50%. The histopathological findings show clefting between the layers of hair and are very useful in differentiating LAS from alopecia areata. Here, a review on the diagnostic criteria and practical guidelines are discussed so as to enable the trichologist in managing this benign, self-limiting condition and differentiating it from the other causes of non-scarring alopecias.

The role of liquid-crystalline (mesophase) structures in extra-cellular morphogenesis is widely recognized. This paper summarizes a model for the more unusual case of intra-cellular mesophases. In the nascent mammalian hair cortex, cell differentiation is correlated with different mesophase textures within tactoids that are composed of intermediate filaments (IFs), and which form by a concerted process of unit-length-filament (ULF) polymerization and phase separation. Nematic and double-twist textures arise from differences in mesogen orientation and length in apposed tactoids. The model explains features of mature structures such as the fibril-matrix ratios in different cell types. The rapidity of IF formation suggests that a sudden-transition equilibrium polymerization, involving a high-energy initiating species, obeying the same statistical model as several other biological transitions, may be involved. This leads to an appealing symmetry, with the key factor in both polymerization and mesophase stability being the retention of protein head-group entropy.

Keratin associated proteins (KAPs) are a class of proteins that associate with keratin intermediate filament proteins through disulphide linkages to give fibres such as hair and wool their unique properties. Up to 90 proteins from some 25 families have been identified and this does not include polymorphic variants of individual proteins within these families. The existence of this diverse group of proteins has been known for some 75 years but, despite this, there is still no universally accepted nomenclature for them. This paper sets out the case for revising the current system to deal with this nomenclature issue.

Alopecia areata is characterized by patchy hair loss involving the scalp, eyelashes, and beard. The disease may at times lead to complete baldness of the scalp (alopecia totalis) or of the entire body (alopecia universalis). Alopecia totalis is usually resistant to therapy. We report two cases of alopecia totalis treated with turban psoralen with sunlight exposure (PUVASOL).

Although the association of alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo occurring in the same patient has been frequently reported in the literature, the colocalization of AA and vitiligo is very rare. We report for the first time an adult patient with anatomic concurrence of AA and vitiligo on the scalp. Even though both AA and vitiligo are thought to have the same underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, the striking rarity of their colocalization challenges this postulated common pathogenesis, and raises the question if autoimmunity is responsible for only a fraction of AA or vitiligo.

A 54-yr-old woman, on azathioprine for interstitial lung disease, developed pancytopenia and presented with sudden onset of extensive hair loss from the scalp followed overnight by appearance of elongated broad mass of uncombable matted hair which had the typical appearance of Plica neuropathica. Microscopic examination of hair clipped from the matted mass revealed irregular, nodal, superficial fractures of the hair shaft resembling Trichorrhexis nodosa and irregular ruffling of the cuticles. The areas of cuticular damage appeared dark under polarized light. Plica neuropathica following pancytopenia is unusual and the findings of hair shaft cuticular damage suggests that changes in surface characteristics of hair shafts may have led to the irreversible matting leading to development of plica along with extensive hair loss due to anagen effluvium.

Unusual clinical features are known in pityriasis rosea (PR). We report a case of a child who presented with onset of PR in scalp, clinically mimicking pityriasis amiantacea. Careful clinical observations and follow-up led us to appropriate diagnosis.